ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Many recent studies on teachers warn of the adverse effects that voice problems have on work performance. However, only a few of these studies included university teachers. Objective To compare the vocal symptoms and risk factors betweenmale and female university teachers in a private institution within the city of São Paulo. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, a voice self-evaluation form prepared by the Ministry of Labor in Brazil was administered to 846 university teachers at a private institution in the city of São Paulo. Results The percentage of hoarseness, vocal tract discomfort, neck pain and foreign body sensation was significantly higher in female than in male subjects. A significantly higher percentage of males participated in other professional activities in addition to teaching, reported working in a calm environment compared with working in a moderately or severely tense and stressful environment, and rated themselves as calm, slightly stressed and anxious ormoderately stressed and anxious rather than very stressed and anxious. A significantly higher percentage of females spent most of their time teaching compared with performing other professional activities, and rated themselves as chatty or impulsive. Conclusion Among university teachers, a significantly higher percentage of females than males reported hoarseness, vocal tract discomfort, neck pain and foreign body sensation. Some risk factors related to work organization, workplace environment, voice care and quality of life variables were related to this higher prevalence in females.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/epidemiology , Faculty , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Universities , Working Conditions , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Life StyleABSTRACT
The vocal tract transfers its characteristics onto the sounds produced at the glottis, depending on its tridimensional configuration. AIM: this study aims to determine which of the seven oral vowels in Brazilian Portuguese is acoustically less impacted by changes to the vocal tract. MATERIALS AND METHOD: this is a cross-sectional prospective study. Twenty-three males and 23 females with ages ranging between 20 and 45 years (mean values of 28.95 and 29.79 years respectively) were enrolled in the study; none had voice complaints and their voices were normal under perceptive-auditory evaluation. Three-hundred and twenty-two sustained vocal emissions were digitized and acoustically analyzed by three computer programs combined. Results were compared against the distribution of resonance frequencies in a straight tube with one end sealed. RESULTS: statistical analysis showed that vowel /ε/ was significantly different when compared to the other vowels, with higher mean harmonic values and lower standard deviation for both genders. CONCLUSION: in Brazilian Portuguese, vowel /ε/ is less impacted by changes to the vocal tract and is significantly less attenuated in both genders. The inclusion of this vowel in voice assessment standard protocols may contribute to improve the quality of the information obtained as a result of quantitative spectrographic and acoustic tests.
O trato vocal transfere suas características ao som produzido na glote, de acordo com sua configuração tridimensional. OBJETIVO: Determinar qual das sete vogais orais do Português brasileiro sofre a menor interferência acústica das modificações do trato vocal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo transversal prospectivo. Os indivíduos foram 23 homens e 23 mulheres, na faixa etária entre 20 e 45 anos (médias de 28,95 e 29,79 respectivamente), sem queixas vocais e com qualidade vocal normal na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva. 322 emissões vocais sustentadas foram digitalizadas e analisadas acusticamente utilizando-se a combinação de três programas computadorizados. Os resultados foram comparados à distribuição das frequências de ressonância de um tubo reto fechado em uma das extremidades. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística mostrou que a vogal /ε/ apresentou diferença significativa em comparação com as demais vogais, com valores harmônicos médios mais altos e menores desvios-padrão para ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: Para o Português brasileiro, a vogal /ε/ sofre menor influência das modificações do trato vocal e apresenta atenuação significativamente menor para ambos os sexos. A inclusão dessa vogal nos protocolos padronizados de avaliação vocal pode contribuir para a qualidade da informação obtida por meio das análises espectrográficas e acústica quantitativa.